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Hi everybody, here we will use only English. You can share with Engish topics only. I hope that you will enjoy contributing and reading the useful articles in our English Zone
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The Air We Breathe
Humans breathe more than 3,000 gallons of air a day. Because air is so basic to life, it is important to keep it clean. Air pollution causes health problems and may bring about acid rain, smog, global warming, and a breakdown of the ozone layer
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Did You Know?
The word "paper" comes from the ancient word "papyrus." Papyrus was a reed used in the ancient world to make writing material. It was made by slicing the stalks and gluing them together in a criss-cross pattern. The sheets were then glued together to make a scroll. Some ancient papyrus scrolls were over 30 feet long.
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Thank You Mrs. Amal for such a topic.
Keep up the good work
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قال الشاعر:
اعمل وأنت من الدنيا على حذر .. و اعلم بأنك بعد الموت مبعوث
و اعلم بأنك ما قدمت من عمل .. محصى عليك و ما خلفت موروث
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Thanks Mrs.Sahar for your encourgment. God bless you dear
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عدد المشاركات: 16,096
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Bees need to visit about 2 million flowers to make just 1 pound of honey
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عدد المشاركات: 16,096
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Mathematics
The earliest records of advanced, organized mathematics date back to the ancient Mesopotamian country of Babylonia and to Egypt of the 3rd millennium BC. There mathematics was dominated by arithmetic, with an emphasis on measurement and calculation in geometry and with no trace of later mathematical concepts such as axioms or proofs.
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Computer Highlights Timeline
Did you know that the first electronic, programmable, general purpose computer was invented in 1946? It was called ENIAC, for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer." Delve deeper into the history of computers with a handy, concise computer highlights timeline
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Thanks for passing Saud Al-Saudi. Next time in English please 
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The largest unbroken expanse of sand in the world is the Rub al-Khali or “Empty Quarter,” on the Arabian Peninsula, which covers about 250,000 square miles, slightly smaller than Texas
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موضوعك جميل جدا وthank you .
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You are welcome & thanks for passing
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What's the Difference Between...
...a mountain lion, a puma, and a cougar? Nothing! These are all names for the same large cats, Felis concolor, whose original range extended through North and South America. In some areas these animals are also called panthers; the name panther is also used for a leopard with a black coat
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When a thing is funny, search it carefully for a hidden truth
George Bernard Shaw
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"It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge."
Albert Einstein 1879 - 1955
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How ATMs Work
by Jim Bowen
You're short on cash, so you walk over to the automated teller machine (ATM), insert your card into the card reader, respond to the prompts on the screen, and within a minute you walk away with your money and a receipt. These machines can now be found at most supermarkets, convenience stores and travel centers. Have you ever wondered about the process that makes your bank funds available to you at an ATM on the other side of the country
Parts of the Machine
You're probably one of the millions who has used an ATM. As you know, an ATM has two input devices:
Card reader - The card reader captures the account information stored on the magnetic stripe on the back of an ATM/debit or credit card. The host processor uses this information to route the transaction to the cardholder's bank.
Keypad - The keypad lets the cardholder tell the bank what kind of transaction is required (cash withdrawal, balance inquiry, etc.) and for what amount. Also, the bank requires the cardholder's personal identification number (PIN) for verification. Federal law requires that the PIN block be sent to the host processor in encrypted form.
And an ATM has four output devices:
Speaker - The speaker provides the cardholder with auditory feedback when a key is pressed.
Display screen - The display screen prompts the cardholder through each step of the transaction process. Leased-line machines commonly use a monochrome or color CRT (cathode ray tube) display. Dial-up machines commonly use a monochrome or color LCD.
Receipt printer - The receipt printer provides the cardholder with a paper receipt of the transaction.
Cash dispenser - The heart of an ATM is the safe and cash-dispensing mechanism. The entire bottom portion of most small ATMs is a safe that contains the cash.
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Plant Talk
agronomy
The growing of plants for food.
algae
single-celled plants that grow in or near water.
annual
A plant that grows, flowers, and dies in one year. Most annuals produce seeds that can be planted the following spring.
biennial
A plant that takes two years to mature. The first year the plant produces a stem and leaves, and the second year it produces flowers and seeds and then dies.
chlorophyll
the green chemical that allows plants to make energy from the sun, and that makes plants green.
compost
a mixture of decaying plants, food, and waste that is added to plants to help them grow.
conifer
a tree that carries its seeds in cones, like pine, spruce, or cedar.
deciduous
A tree that loses its leaves in autumn and gets new ones in the spring.
ecology
the study of relationships between plants and the environment.
ecological niche
the particular role that a plant plays within an environment.
evergreen
A tree that keeps its leaves or needles all year long.
fertilizer
A natural or chemical substance applied to the soil to help plants grow bigger and faster.
herb
A plant used for flavoring or seasoning, for its scent, or as medicine. Mint, lavender, palmetto, and rosemary are all herbs.
horticulture
The growing of plants for beauty.
house plant
A plant that is grown indoors. Many plants that are grown outdoors in tropical and desert regions have become popular as house plants.
hybrid
A plant that has been scientifically combined with another plant or has been changed to make it more beautiful, larger, stronger, or better in some other way. Many roses are hybrids.
hydroponics
A way of growing plants in a nutritional liquid rather than in soil.
irrigation
a method of supplying water to land that doesn't otherwise get enough.
legume
a plant that produces a seed in a pod, like peas and beans.
mulch
A covering of bark, compost (decomposed garbage), hay, or other substance used to conserve water and control weeds. Mulch can also provide nutrients for plants and keep plants warm in winter.
native
A plant that has always grown in a certain place, rather than being brought there from somewhere else. Corn is native to North America.
osmosis
the process by which plants absorb water through leaves and roots.
perennial
A plant that stops growing and may look dead in the fall, but comes back year after year.
photosynthesis
The process that allows plants to make their own food from air, sunlight, and water.
phototropism
The turning of plants toward the light.
propagation
The reproduction of plants. Plants can be reproduced from seeds, or by dividing the roots of a plant, or sometimes by simply placing a piece of the leaf on soil.
terrarium
A glass box containing small plants and animals, such as moss, ferns, lizards, and turtles.
transplant
A plant that is dug up and moved from one place to another.
variegated
having marks or patches with different colors.
wildflower
A flowering plant that grows on its own in the wild, rather than being planted by a person
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You have to believe in yourself when no one
else does. That's what makes you a winner
- Venus Williams
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Seawater Desalinization
In recent years a great deal of interest has been shown in the conversion of seawater to fresh water. Several different processes, including distillation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, and direct-freeze evaporation, have been developed for this purpose. Some of these processes have been used in large facilities. Distillation units, for example, are being used in Freeport, Bahamas, Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, and in Texas. A reverse-osmosis system is used for the city of Bessie, Okla., and an electrodialysis system is used for Port Mansfield, Texas. Although these processes are successful, the cost of treating seawater is much higher than that for treating fresh water.
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Steps of Success
Dress in the manner accepted for your area of work |
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Famous Scientists
Archimedes (about 287 B.C.-212 B.C.) was a Greek mathematician and inventor who discovered that heavy objects could be moved using pulleys and levers. He was one of the first to test his ideas with experiments. He also is said to have shouted "Eureka!" ("I have found it!" .
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